It was completed in for the Summer Universiade. Retrieved 18 December Social marketing of condoms through shops and vending machines was also implemented.
Tourism is gradually growing as an important industry for Shenzhen. Shenzhen has been ranked second on the list of 'top 10 Prostitutes Gaomi to visit in ' by Lonely Planet.
In addition, in that year, Shenzhen received Shenzhen has numerous tourist destinations, ranging from recreational areas such as theme parks and Prostitutes Gaomi parks to tall buildings. Shenzhen's tourism industry is recently expanding under the "13th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development of Shenzhen" as promoted under the Shenzhen Prostitutes Gaomi government.
Retail is an important pillar of Shenzhen's tertiary sector. Out of the added value of Shenzhen's tertiary sector of 1. In addition, the Shenzhen administration is setting up a Prostitutes Gaomi retail industry development fund to Prostitutes Gaomi the use of "smart retail", with the intention of stimulating the economy of Shenzhen and to turn the city into a "new retail" hub.
Shenzhen is the fifth most populous city proper in China, with an official population of 12, in the city as of However some estimates using cellphone and waste collection data shows that there Prostitutes Gaomi may be over 20 million people living within Shenzhen's borders. There had been migration into southern Guangdong province and what is now Shenzhen since the Southern Song dynasty — but the numbers increased dramatically since Shenzhen was established in the s.
Shenzhen has seen its population and activity develop rapidly since the establishment of the SEZ as Prostitutes Gaomi magnet for migrants, beginning with blue collar or labor-intensive workers, giving the city the moniker of the world's factory. Shenzhen had an official population of over 10 million during the Prostitutes Gaomi. However, due to the large unregistered floating migrant population living in the city, some estimates put Shenzhen's actual population at around 20 million inside the administrative area given at any specific Prostitutes Gaomi.
Bythe high tech economy began to gradually replace the labor-intensive industries as the city gradually became a magnet for a new generation of migrants, this time educated, white collar workers. Migration into Shenzhen was further promoted by hard population caps imposed on other Tier I cities like Beijing and Shanghai, previously the top destinations for white collar workers.
By the end ofProstitutes Gaomi official registered population had been estimated as just over 13 million a year over year increase ofAt present, the average age in Shenzhen is less than The age range is as follows: 8.
Prostitutes Gaomi population structure has great diversity, ranging from intellectuals with a high level of education to migrant workers with poor education. Expatriates choose Shenzhen as a place to settle because of the city's Prostitutes Gaomi opportunities as well as the culture's tolerance and open-mindedness, and it was even voted China's Most Dynamic City and the City Most Favored by Migrant Workers in According to a survey by the Hong Kong Planning Department, the number of cross-border commuters increased from about 7, in to 44, in More than half of them lived in Shenzhen.
Shenzhen residents can have a special 1 year multiple-journey endorsement but maximum 1 visit per week starting from April 13, This type of exit endorsement is only issued to people who have hukou Prostitutes Gaomi certain regions.
As of [update] there were about 20, people of Korean origins in Shenzhen, with the Nanshan and Futian districts having significant numbers. Shekouthe area around Shenzhen Universityand Donghai Garden housing estate had other significant concentrations. As of [update] Donghai had about Korean Prostitutes Gaomi.
South Koreans began going to the Shenzhen area during the s as part of the reform and opening up era, and this increased when South Korea established formal diplomatic relations with the PRC. In about South Korean companies in Shenzhen were involved in China-South Korean trade, and there were an additional South Korean companies doing business in Shenzhen.
In Kang stated that most of the Koreans in Shenzhen had lived there for five years or longer. As of [update] there were some Korean children enrolled in schools for Chinese locals. Because many Korean students are Prostitutes Gaomi studying in Korean-medium schools, the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry operates a Korean Saturday School; it had about students in Prior to the establishment of Special Economic Zonethe indigenous local communities could be divided into Cantonese and Hakka speakers, [] which were two cultural and linguistic sub-ethnic groups vernacular to Guangdong province.
Two Cantonese varieties were spoken locally. One was a fairly standard version, known as standard Cantonese. The other, spoken by several villages south of Fuhua Rd.
This is consistent with the area settled by people who accompanied the Southern Song court to the south in the late 13th century. Today, some aboriginals of the Cantonese and Hakka speaking communities disperse into urban settlements e. The influx of migrants from other parts of the country has drastically altered the city's linguistic landscape, as Shenzhen has undergone a language shift towards Mandarinwhich was both promoted by the Chinese Central Prostitutes Gaomi as a national lingua franca and natively spoken by most of the out-of-province immigrants and their descendants.
Hokkien and Xiang are also sometimes observed. Every district also has Protestant churches, Catholic churches, and mosques. In general, Shenzhen is quite safe in comparison to other Prostitutes Gaomi around the world with approximately the same number Prostitutes Gaomi tourists. In addition, Luohu is a major Prostitutes Gaomi for trade in counterfeit goods and abundant in its nightclubs, bars, and karaoke salons, which not only attracts Shenzhen residents, but also residents from neighboring Hong Kongwhich may attract criminal elements.
The Nanshan District has a large concentration of foreigners, and is known for its abundance of prostitutes and beggars. Shenzhen has been dubbed by The Guardian as "the world leader completing new skyscrapers," as it Prostitutes Gaomi to complete 14 skyscrapers that are above meters infour more than Dubaiand keeping this title Prostitutes Gaomi three years.
In Prostitutes Gaomi to the Shenzhen's modern skyscrapers, Shenzhen also has a significant Prostitutes Gaomi of historical buildings. Chiwan Fort is located on a small seaside hill in the Nanshan District.
Today, what is Prostitutes Gaomi only represents a fragment of the large fortress, as it was partially destroyed by the British during the Opium Wars. According to legend, the temple was founded in by Admiral Zheng He after his fleet survived a strong storm in the Pearl River Delta. The temple is repeatedly rebuilt and repaired. Part of the temple was converted to a museum, but the rest still continues to function as a religious building. The modern tomb dates back to the end of Prostitutes Gaomi 19th century, when a Hong Kong clan announced one of the imperial tombs after a long search, though this Prostitutes Gaomi disputed by historians.
The tomb was reconstructed at the beginning of the 20th century, Prostitutes Gaomi later it fell into neglect until it was Prostitutes Gaomi again in the s. It was built in to protect the coast from pirates and in suffered a long siege of Japanese corsairs. It later turned into a typical town during the Qing Dynastyand during the First Opium Warthe fortress garrison participated in the fight against the British. Walls and gates, narrow streets, temples, and the residence of the commandant in the fortress Prostitutes Gaomi still preserved today.
The old town of Nantou or Prostitutes Gaomilocated in the Nanshan Districthas several historical sites dating back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the 4th century, there existed a significant city, but today most of the old buildings have been replaced by modern buildings.
However, there are still a few historical buildings, such as fortress walls and gates dating back to the Ming period, the Guandi Temple Guan Yusome military and civilian buildings for example, the residence of officials, the shop, and the opium houseand several streets.
On one of the hills of the garden is Hunfa Prostitutes Gaomi, the largest Buddhist temple in Shenzhen, which was built in on the site of an older shrine.
Around the lake are a pagoda, tea houses, pavilions, the Museum of Paleontology, a garden of medicinal plants and an azalea garden. From the observation deck, there is a view of the Shenzhen skyline as well as Hong Kong and the surrounding bay, and on the next peak there is a transmission tower Prostitutes Gaomi a local television station. At the Prostitutes Gaomi of the mountain is a large bronze statue of Deng Xiaoping.
There are several thematic recreation areas and attractions, and along the 9-kilometer-long coastal strip there is an embankment. A large group of birds migrate to the ecopark in the mangroves on an area of It has several artificial lakes and ponds, an old city wall dating Prostitutes Gaomi to the 14th century, and many sculptures and monuments, including one of Sun Yat-sen.
It is famous for its several indoor and outdoor pools with hot thermal waters. Before the s, Shenzhen's education system was primarily based on primary and limited secondary schoolingwith no residents admitted to a university. Shenzhen started implementing policies that will help develop a more high-quality education system, borrowing teachers from the best schools in the Prostitutes Gaomi with promises of higher pay and benefits.
In addition, the city started building new schools and renovating the infrastructure of its existing schools to give teachers a more comfortable environment to teach.
In the mids, as upper secondary education became popular, there was a need for higher education institutions in the city. Approved by the State Council in the same year, Shenzhen University became Shenzhen's first comprehensive Prostitutes Gaomi higher educational institution.
The 9-year compulsory education in Shenzhen is free. According to Laurie Chen of the South China Morning PostShenzhen, which had 15 million people as ofhad not built as many primary and secondary schools for its populace as it should have, compared to similarly developed cities in China. She also cited Prostitutes Gaomi Guangzhou had primary schools while Shenzhen had only primary schools, as well as how Guangzhou's count of Prostitutes Gaomi school teachers exceeded that of Shenzhen's by 17,; Chen argued that Guangzhou and Shenzhen have similar populations.
In response Shenzhen schools began increasing salaries for prospective teachers. Shenzhen is the second largest transportation hub in Guangdong and South Chinatrailing behind the provincial capital of Guangzhou. The Shenzhen Metro Prostitutes Gaomi as the city's rapid transit system. The extension opened on 8 December put the network at Shenzhen is served by seven inter-city railway stations: Futian Prostitutes Gaomi, [] Guangmingcheng[] Pingshan[] Shenzhen also known as Luohu Railway Station [] [] Shenzhen East[] Shenzhen North[] [] and Shenzhen West.
As of August Prostitutes Gaomi, the city's bus system encompasses over lines, [] with a total of over Prostitutes Gaomi, electric vehiclesthe largest of its Prostitutes Gaomi in the world.
Petroleum fuelled taxis are coloured either green or red. Shenzhen serves as a fabric to China's expressway system. Shenzhen is connected with Hong Kong city and airportZhuhai and Macau through ferries that leave from and arrive at the Shekou Cruise Center. Due to its proximity to Hong Kong, Shenzhen has the largest number of Prostitutes Gaomi and exit ports, the largest number of entry and exit personnel, and the largest traffic volume in China.
Shenzhen has presented itself as a city of opportunity for young people in China. The term also describes a period of constant competition, quick changes, and high-efficiency. Inthe municipal government announced plans to turned Shenzhen into a cultural city by promoting design, animation, and library construction. By the end ofShenzhen has public librariesincluding 3 city-level public libraries, 8 district-level public libraries, and grassroots Prostitutes Gaomi. Some recreational areas in Shenzhen such as Xianhu Botanical GardenDonghu Park, and Xiaomeisha, host barbecues Prostitutes Gaomi visitors bring their own food.
Prostitutes Gaomi food Prostitutes Gaomi as Xinjiang lamb skewers, Northern Chinese pancakes, and black Prostitutes Gaomi soupscan Prostitutes Gaomi found in Xijie Street and the urban village of Baishizhou. Tunnel ravesreferred by the SCMP as "a Shenzhen nightlife staple", have earned a reputation in the world, though they are often cracked down Prostitutes Gaomi police.
Shenzhen is the home to professional football team Shenzhenwhich participates in both China League One and the Chinese Super Prostitutes Gaomi. Shenzhen F. Shenzhen Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium that hosts many events. The stadium is located in Futian District and has a capacity of 32, It was built in Juneat a cost of million RMB. The 26th Summer Universiade was held in Shenzhen in August Shenzhen Dayun Arena is a multipurpose arena.
It was completed in for the Summer Universiade. It is used for the basketballice hockey and gymnastics events.
Shenzhen is also a popular destination for skateboarders from all over the world, due to the architecture of the city and its lax skate laws. From to Shenzhen is hosting the WTA Finalsa major annual professional tennis tournament for the world's most top-ranked female players.
Hong Kong and Shenzhen have close business, trade, and Prostitutes Gaomi links as demonstrated by the statistics presented below. Except where noted the statistics are taken from sections of the Hong Kong Government website. As of Septemberthere are nine crossing points on the boundary between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, among which six are land connections. Inthere were around 20, daily vehicular crossings Prostitutes Gaomi the boundary in each direction. Of these 65 percent were cargo vehicles, 27 percent cars and the remainder buses and coaches.
The Huanggang crossing was most heavily used at 76 percent of the total, followed by the Futian crossing at 18 Prostitutes Gaomi and Shatoujiao at 6 percent. Of these figures 94 percent were associated with Prostitutes Gaomi. Also in the average daily passenger flow through the four connections open at that time was overin each direction of which 63 percent used the Luohu rail connection Prostitutes Gaomi 33 percent the Huanggang road connection.
As a point of comparison, Hong Kong's Chek Lap Kok Airport, the 5th busiest international airport in the world, handled 59, passengers per day in each direction. Hong Kong conducts regular surveys of cross-boundary passenger movements, with the most recent being inalthough the survey will be reported on soon [ when?
In the boundary crossings for Prostitutes Gaomi Kong Residents living in Hong Kong made 78 percent of the trips, up by 33 percent fromwhereas Hong Kong and Chinese residents of China made up 20 percent inProstitutes Gaomi increase of percent above the figure. Since that time movement has been made much easier for China residents, and so that group have probably increased further still. Other nationalities made up 2 percent of boundary crossings.
Of these trips 67 percent were associated with Shenzhen and 42 percent were for business or work purposes. Of Prostitutes Gaomi non-business trips about one third were to visit friends and relatives and the remainder for leisure. Qianhaiwhich means foresea in Chinese language, formally known as the Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industries Cooperation Zone, is "a useful exploration for China to create a new opening up layout with a more open economic system.
Strategically positioned as a zone for the innovation and development of modern services, Qianhai will facilitate closer cooperation between Hong Kong and mainland China, as well as act as the catalyst for industrial reform in the Pearl River Delta. The People's Bank of China has also indicated that such loans will for the first time not be subject to the benchmark rates set by the Prostitutes Gaomi bank for all other loans in the rest of China. Shenzhen has an advanced public media network, boasting one radio station, two TV stations, three broadcasting and TV centers, 19 cable broadcasting and TV sub-stations.
In Shenzhen, there are 14 newspapers, one comprehensive publishing house, three video-audio products publishing houses, 88 bureaus of Prostitutes Gaomi and Hong Kong media organizations, 40 periodicals, and about kinds of in-house publications of which the majority belong to enterprises. Peoples can also listen to some of provincial radio station Prostitutes Gaomi national station through radio as well. It also covers local, national and international news.
That's Shenzhen covers news, arts, lifestyle and events in Prostitutes Gaomi city. Shenzhen has been very active in cultivating sister city relationships. In OctoberShenzhen Mayor Li Hao and a delegation travelled to Houston to attend the signing ceremony establishing a sister city relationship between Houston and Shenzhen. As ofShenzhen has established sister city relationship with 25 cities in the world. As of May [update]Shenzhen is twinned with the following regions, cities, and counties: [].
The Shenzhen Port is Prostitutes Gaomi and has collaboration agreements with:. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city in Guangdong, China. Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city.
Shenzhen China. Shenzhen Asia. See also: Bao'an County and Nantou historic town. See also: List of Islands in Shenzhen. Main article: Politics of Shenzhen. Main article: List of administrative divisions of Shenzhen.
Shenzhen population dynamics Legend: population with permanent registration hukou. See also: Koreans in China. Main article: Prostitutes Gaomi of tallest buildings in Shenzhen. Main article: List of parks in Shenzhen. Main article: Education in Shenzhen. Main article: Transport in Shenzhen. Main article: Qianhai. China portal. Retrieved 29 April Archived from the original on 23 February Retrieved 23 February Demographia World Urban Areas.
Louis: Demographia. Archived PDF Prostitutes Gaomi the original on 3 May Retrieved 15 June OECD iLibrary. ISBN ISSN Archived from the original on 27 March Retrieved 8 December Archived from the original on 25 May Retrieved 25 May Prostitutes Gaomi from the original on 9 July Retrieved 9 September Shenzhen, Prostitutes Gaomi Archived from the original on 15 October Retrieved 14 October Archived from the original on 29 April Prostitutes Gaomi grew over the past three decades by capitalizing on both its Prostitutes Gaomi coastal location and proximity to Hong Kong and Taiwan major sources of investment capitalbut also on the huge Chinese government support that came with its designation as the first Special Economic Zone.
It could be here". Das Netz. Archived from the original on 14 Prostitutes Gaomi Retrieved 26 July Worldwide, 16 cities are in the starting blocks in the race to become the next Silicon Valley. The Economist. Archived from the original on Prostitutes Gaomi June Prostitutes Gaomi from the original on 26 July An important reason Silicon Valley in the US and Israel became world innovation Prostitutes Gaomi is Prostitutes Gaomi they gathered a lot of angel investments.
However, Shenzhen lacks angel investments [ Retrieved 1 September Commercial Service. Archived from the original on 12 April Retrieved 28 February South China Morning Post. Retrieved 28 November Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 18 April GaWC - Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Retrieved 31 August Long Finance. March Retrieved 25 March Retrieved 18 March World Shipping Council. Retrieved 16 October Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 3 December The Guardian.
Archived from Prostitutes Gaomi original on 30 April Prostitutes Gaomi Retrieved 9 October Shenzhen People's Government. Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 14 November Archived from the original on 4 November Retrieved 25 October Archived from the original on 2 June Archived from the original on 17 October Retrieved 17 October Prostitutes Gaomi from the original on 2 Prostitutes Gaomi China Central Television.
Retrieved 5 August Archived from the original on 31 August Retrieved 7 November Archived from the original on 3 February Retrieved 22 Prostitutes Gaomi Archived from the original on 27 June Archived from the original on 11 Prostitutes Gaomi Archived Prostitutes Gaomi the original on 7 September Beijing Daily.
Archived from the original on 25 August Asian Survey. JSTOR Archived from the original on 22 Prostitutes Gaomi Retrieved 22 March Archived from the original on 28 January Retrieved 28 January Prostitutes Gaomi Metropolis Daily. Retrieved 21 October Archived from the original on 22 August Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
Archived from the original on 26 October Archived from the original on 29 March Retrieved 29 March Archived from the original on 9 December Time Asia. Archived from the original on 3 June Retrieved 15 Prostitutes Gaomi Retrieved 4 June Retrieved 1 February Archived from the original on 4 February Archived Prostitutes Gaomi the original on 17 March Retrieved 19 June Archived from the original on 27 October Retrieved 19 August Archived from the original on 30 Prostitutes Gaomi Retrieved 25 September Archived from the original on 20 September Archived from the original on 27 February Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau.
Archived from the original on 3 July Retrieved 14 May Archived from the original on 4 August Retrieved 4 February Archived from the original on Prostitutes Gaomi August Retrieved 18 August Federation of American Scientists.
Congressional Research Service. Archived PDF from the original on 8 January Retrieved 28 September Prostitutes Gaomi Daily Press. Archived from the original Prostitutes Gaomi 2 July Retrieved 1 May Archived from the original on 6 November Archived from the original on 4 September Archived from Prostitutes Gaomi original on 5 March Archived from the original on 11 June Ministry of Civil Affairs.
Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 13 November China Statistics Print. Archived from the original on 12 May Retrieved 29 May Archived from the original on 24 July Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 9 January Prostitutes Gaomi from the original on 14 April Retrieved 31 March Archived from the original on 9 March Retrieved 17 September Archived from Prostitutes Gaomi original on 23 September Archived from the original on 16 January Retrieved 16 January Archived from the original on 17 Prostitutes Gaomi Archived from the original on 18 September Retrieved 10 September Retrieved 31 January Retrieved 9 August International Monetary Fund Press release.
The six intervention sites hosted 7.
Retrieved 8 May National Bureau of Statistics of Prostitutes Gaomi Press release. The average exchange rate is 6. The World Federation of Exchanges.
September Retrieved 26 September World Economic Forum. Retrieved 3 November In intervention sites, The proportion of consistent condom use with clients in the Prostitutes Gaomi month among the participants is significantly higher in intervention sites The proportions Prostitutes Gaomi participants reported ever having regular sex partners among the participants were similar in intervention sites There was 0.
After adjusted for age, marital status, education, economic condition, recruitment venues, the proportion of participants correctly answered at least six out of eight HIV-related questions HIV interventions focused on high risk groups, e. The findings of this study revealed the significant lower rate of syphilis, higher score of HIV knowledge, and the higher rates of condom use, HIV testing and the utilization Prostitutes Gaomi HIV prevention services in the intervention sites, compared to that in the control sites, which suggested the successes of the integrated individual, community and structural intervention.
These findings are consistent with our previous findings [ 39 ] and which also support the Prostitutes Gaomi of other studies in other Asian country that have showed significant increases in condom use, reductions in HIV and STI rates among FSWs [ 40 — 42 ].
The higher score of HIV knowledge among FSWs demonstrated in intervention sites is consistent with our previous study [ 39 ]. The higher rate of condom use found in the Prostitutes Gaomi sites is also consistent with our previous report that the proportion of consistent condom use with clients in the last three Prostitutes Gaomi significantly increased from In addition, the overall low HIV prevalence indicated from surveillance system Prostitutes Gaomi lower syphilis prevalence in intervention sites compared to the control sites indicated the integrated individual level intervention, community mobilization and structural intervention Prostitutes Gaomi program with multi-sectoral cooperation and strong societal participation made the difference.
Although the progress was evidenced by the increase in condom use in intervention sites Prostitutes Gaomi with Prostitutes Gaomi sites, the rates of condom use among FSWs are still low. Condom use has been proven to effectively prevention the transmission and control the epidemic among FSWs, but the coverage of condom is the key [ 27Prostitutes Gaomi — 47 ].
Data also showed high levels of condom use among FSWs and their clients in countries such as Benin, Thailand and Cambodia are likely Prostitutes Gaomi have slowed the epidemic [ 1048 ]. Shandong with counties is the second most populous province in China. This study also showed two-thirds Prostitutes Gaomi them had not previously tested for HIV. The relative low condom use and utilization of Prostitutes Gaomi prevention services in both intervention and control sites highlighted the needs Prostitutes Gaomi continued effort in scaling up the care, treatment and prevention activities.
Commercial sex in China is Prostitutes Gaomi. Therefore, stigma and discrimination and other potential barriers might have prevented FSWs seeking VCT or other HIV prevention and care services for fear of discrimination, fear of disclosure of commercial sex activities, low of confidentiality [ 2449 ], and fear of the punishment of the Prostitutes Gaomi commercial sex.
Study also showed stigma and discrimination, site atmosphere, links with other services, quality of the staff, and convenience were important factors for FSWs actively receiving HIV testing and HIV-related services [ 5051 ]. This is slowly changing, and a growing number of PLHIV are now willing, given the proper support, to reveal their status.
It is therefore now possible to adjust the strategy and adopt a new method: engaging HIV infected individuals and encouraging them to participate in Prostitutes Gaomi aspects of anti-stigma campaigns.
Our study subjects may represent a wider spectrum of FSWs in Shandong.
The fundamental logic behind this activity is that PLHIV involvement in anti-stigma activities can greatly improve their effectiveness [ 52 ]. A high degree of stigma also helps to keep people ignorant about the disease, which increases their own risk of becoming infected. Tackling discrimination Prostitutes Gaomi stigma was therefore an integral part of this integrated intervention.
Efforts were informed by international best practices related to reducing stigma and discrimination and advocacy for the rights of PLHIV and other key affected Prostitutes Gaomi.
By reducing stigma and discrimination in all settings and particularly in health care settings, Prostitutes Gaomi is expected that more of the people who are infected or are most at risk of infection Prostitutes Gaomi be Prostitutes Gaomi to access prevention services, treatment, care and support. Although no data were collected in evaluating the changes of stigma and discriminatory practices and attitudes, the efforts in reducing stigma and discrimination likely affected the behavior change towards eliminating attitudes and practices that act as Prostitutes Gaomi to ensuring the rights of PLHIV and key affected populations and their access to services and entitlements.
The higher rates of HIV testing and the utilization of HIV prevention services in intervention sites, compared to the control sites, which may reflect certain success of stigma Prostitutes Gaomi discrimination reduction effort. Effective multisectorial cooperation and improved community participation in the six intervention sites ensured the successful implementation of the community-based HIV treatment, care and prevention program.
Strengths of this study include its estimation of the size of the targeted population and mapping strategy. Efforts on investigating the venue and preliminary estimates in each Prostitutes Gaomi strengthen the mapping strategy and targeted population size estimation to reduce selection bias.
With Northeast Gaomi as his focal point, Mo Yan brings together the legendary score of prostitutes to fulfill his lust for carnal pleasure; his actions are born of. Shenzhen is a major sub-provincial city on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the Police has also cracked down on prostitution and pornography, which were elements of nightlife Shouguang · Anqiu · Gaomi · Changyi · Qufu · Zoucheng · Xintai · Feicheng · Rongcheng · Rushan · Laoling · Yucheng · Linqing.
Our study subjects may represent a wider spectrum of FSWs in Shandong. We also recognized the limitations of this study. Selection bias existed in this study. Non-response information was not collected. The questionnaire data relying on retrospective self-reports was subject to recall bias.
Sensitivity of sexually-related questions could lead to reporting bias. The cross-sectional research design precludes identification of causal relationships.
No baseline survey conducted Prostitutes Gaomi control sites Prostitutes Gaomi be another limitation of the study. This Prostitutes Gaomi also served as a behavior surveillance survey, which Prostitutes Gaomi conducted with careful planning, implementation, and quality control. In spite of these limitations, we believe that this study provide invaluable information to guide the ongoing comprehensive community-based treatment, care, prevention intervention program among this group.
In summary, the results of the study indicated that significant progress has been made in the Prostitutes Gaomi sites compared with control sites among FSWs. The findings highlighted the needs of effective multisectoral cooperation with broad community Prostitutes Gaomi in implementing the comprehensive community based HIV treatment, care and prevention program.
Google Scholar. J Infect Dis. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Sumartojo E: Structural factors in HIV prevention: concepts, examples, and implications Prostitutes Gaomi research. Article Google Scholar.
Indian J Public Health. Health Educ Behav. AIDS care. Am Prostitutes Gaomi Public Health. BMC Public Health. Sex Transm Dis. Abrams HK: The resurgence of sexually transmitted disease in China. J Public Prostitutes Gaomi Policy. AIDS Care. Curr HIV Res. Int J Epidemiol. AIDS Behav. Shandong CDC: Shandong provincial behavioral and biological surveillance report Edited by: China CDC. Shahmanesh M, Patel V, Mabey Prostitutes Gaomi, Cowan F: Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in female sex Prostitutes Gaomi in resource poor setting: a systematic review.
Trop Med Int Health. Prostitutes Gaomi Transm Infect. Prev Med Trib. Volume Sex Transm Infect [serial on the Internet]. Sex Health. HIV testing in China.
Download references. Special thanks to all subjects for their voluntary participation, and the owners of venues, mommies for their support in the preparation and implementation of the surveys. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Dianmin Kang or Yujiang Jia. DK and XT helped to draft the manuscript and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints Prostitutes Gaomi Permissions.
Kang, D. BMC Public Health 13, Download citation. Received : 10 November Accepted : 30 July Published : 04 August Search SpringerLink Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background We Prostitutes Gaomi the effectiveness of an integrated Prostitutes Gaomi, community, and structural intervention to reduce risks of HIV and sexually transmitted infections STIs among female sex workers FSWs. Methods The integration individual, community, and structural intervention was implemented from to in six counties of Shandong Province.
Results Of female sex workers were recruited and analyzed in the post-intervention survey with from intervention sites and from control sites.
Stigma and discrimination reduction at all settings Activities including seminars, workshops and publications, and consultation, for stigma and discrimination reduction were organized among service Prostitutes Gaomi, all settings including general public, the workplace. Recruitment and participants Sociodemographic mapping was conducted with venue-based recruitment, community outreach and peer referral techniques to Prostitutes Gaomi the study participants.
4, ), Mo Yan used Northeast Gaomi County (高密东北乡), his hometown, a wrongly executed landlord, a violent bandit, a prostitute, or an executioner. the birth control policy in Gaomi 高密, which combines the author's own networks of prostitution and child-trafficking under cover of legal surro.
Prostitutes Gaomi Questionnaire-based interviews provided demographic information, sexual and drug use behavioral information, ever had HIV testing, HIV knowledge and received HIV-related services in the past year.
| First | City | State | Code | Speed dating | Sluts | Girls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostitutes Gaomi | Gaomi | Shandong Sheng | CN | 6890 | yes | yes |
| 13.03.2010 | MEGM | yes | 53 | no | 66 | 95 |
| 23.03.2011 | 72 | yes | yes | MEGM | no | MEGM |
Archived from the original on 24 March Retrieved 10 November
Population 90
Local time Asia/Shanghai
Gaomi (Kao-mi, Kao-mi, Kao-mi-hsien, Gaomi, Kao-mi-hsien, Kao-mi, Gaomi)